jk.zdjt.com.png?v=1
Ç峯ÖÐÒ½Ò©£¨Î壩
2015-07-11

¡¼ÖÐÒ½Ò©ÎÄ»¯¡½

ÌìÒ½ÐǺÓÁÙÃϺÓ £¬

·ÑÂí³²¶¡ÏÍÈô¿Ê¡£

°Ù²ÝֻΪ²ÔÉú²É £¬

Íò·½»Ý¼ÃÍòÃñÔó¡£


Çå´úÖÐÒ½Ò©£¨Î壩

¡¼ÃûÒ½¡¢ÃûÖø¡¢éóÊ¡½

¡ºÃϺÓÒ½ÅÉ¡»

    Çå´ú £¬³ö¸ñÊÇ·¹â¡¢ÏÌ·áÄê¼ä £¬ÃϺÓÃûÒ½ÔÆ¼¯ £¬ÐγÉÃϺÓÒ½ÅÉ¡£ÆäʱÃϺÓÕò½ö°ÙÊ®»§È˼Ò £¬È´ÉèÓÐÖÐÒ©ÆÌ10¶à¼Ò £¬¿É¼ûÆäʱҽÊÂ֮ʢ¡£ÃϺÓÒ½ÅÉ×îÓдú±íÐÔµÄÊÇ·Ñ¡¢Âí¡¢³²¡¢¶¡ËļÒ¡£·Ñ¼ÒµÄ·Ñ²®ÐÛÊ¢ÃûÓÚÍíÇå £¬ÖÁÆäËï·ÑÉþ¸¦ £¬ÒÔÉÆÖÎΣ¡¢´ó¡¢Ææ¡¢¼±ÖîÕï¶øÎÅÃû£»Âí¼ÒÒÔÂíÅàÖ®ºôÉù×î¸ß £¬¡°ÒÔ±í¿Æ¼û³¤¶øÒÔÄڿƳÉÃû¡± £¬Ôø±»ÕÙÈ빬Ϊ´ÈìûÕﲡ £¬´Èìû¿ä½±Ëû¡°ÂöÀí¾«ÃÜ¡± £¬ÊÖÊé¡°Îñ´æ¾«Òª¡±ØÒ £¬´ÍÈýÆ·¹Ù £¬ÃûÕðËÄ·½£»³²¼ÒÒÔ³²³çɽ¡¢³²Î¼·¼Îª´ú±í £¬¾«ÄÚ±í¿Æ £¬±í¿ÆÊÖÊõÓÈΪ¶Àµ½£»¶¡¼ÒÔìÒè×îÉîµÄÊǶ¡¸ÊÈÊ £¬¼¯ÄÚ±íºíÈý¿ÆÖ®³¤ £¬ºóΪÉϺ£Ò»Ì¨¸¦Ò½ £¬Òò³õ´´ÖÐҽר¿ÆÑ§Ìà £¬±»³ÆÎª¡°Ò½ÓþÂúº£ÉÏ £¬ÌÒÀî±éÈ«¹ú¡±¡£


    ¡¼ûϺÓËļÒÒ½¼¯¡·ÊÇÀúʱÊýÄê £¬¾­¹ý¹ãá粩²É £¬Õû¶Ù¶ø³ÉµÄÒ»²¿´óÐÍÒ½¼¯ £¬Ëü×ܽáÁ˾ٹúÎÅÃûµÄ½­ËÕÃϺÓÁùλҽ¼Ò £¬·Ñ²®ÐÛ¡¢·ÑÉþ¸¦¡¢ÂíÅàÖ®¡¢³²³çɽ¡¢³²Î¼·¼¡¢¶¡¸ÊÈʵÄѧÊõÀíÂÛºÍÁÙ´²¾­Ñé¡£ÄÚÈÝÓÐÒ½ÂÛ¡¢Ò½»°¡¢Ò½°¸¡¢¹Å¼®ÆÀ×¢¡¢ÃØ·½Ñé·½¼¯¡¢×Ô±à½Ì±¾¡¢Ò½ÁÆÐÔÈÕÖ¾µÈ £¬ÕâÔ̺¬ÁËËûÃǵÄÈ«ÊýÓ¡Ðб¾¡¢É¢ÔÚÃñ¼äµÄºÜ¶àÕä¹Â±¾ºÍËûÃǵÄÃÅÈË֮ͬÀà´«³­±¾ £¬¾­¹ýУ¿±±àÉó £¬¼ÆµÃËļҶþÊ®ÁùÖÖÒ½Êé¡£¿É¹©ÁÙ´²Ò½Ê¦¼°×êÑÐÖÐҽѧÊõÀíÂÛ¡¢Ò½Öβ½ÖèÕß½ø½¨Ê¹Óá£


     ·Ñ²®ÐÛ£¨1800¡ª1879£© £¬×Ö½úÇä¡£·Ñ²®Ð۳ɳ¤ÔÚÊÀÒ½¼ÒÍ¥ £¬¼ÒѧԨԴ £¬ÏÈÈåºóÒ½¡£ÐüºøÖ´Òµ²»¾Ã £¬¼´ÒÔÉÆÓÚÒ½ÖÎÐéÀͳÛÓþ½­ÄÏ¡£Â·¹âÄê¼ä£¨1821¡«1851)ÔøÁ½¶ÅצÕÙÈ빬͢Öβ¡¡£ÏȺóÒ½ÖλÊÌ«ºó·ÎÓ¸ºÍ·¹âÌì×ÓʧÒôÖ¤ £¬¾ù»ñµÃÏÔЧ¡£Îª´Ë»ñ´ÍØÒ¶îºÍÁª·ù £¬³ÆÂ·Æä¡°ÊÇ»î¹úÊÖ¡±¡£ÖÁÏÌ·á(1851¡«1861)ʱ £¬·ÑÊÏÒ½Ãû´óÕñ £¬Ô¶½üÇóÒ½Õ߼Ãû¶øÖÁ £¬ÃÅǰʱ³£ÖÛé®Ïà½Ó £¬ÃϺÓË®ÏçÓ×Õò´ËʱҲÒÔÒ½Ò©ÒµÅ¶ø³ÉΪһ¸ö·±Ê¢µØÓò¡£·ÑÊϲ©Ñ§Í¨Èå £¬Ò½Êõ¾«Õ¿ £¬ÈË³ÆÆäÒÔÃûʿΪÃûÒ½ £¬ÎµÈ»ÎªÒ½½ç³ÁÍû¡£


    ÂíÅàÖ®£¨1820¡ª1903£© £¬Çå´úÃûÒ½ £¬×ÖÎÄÖ² £¬ÒÔ×ÖÐС£ÃϺÓÒ½ÅÉ´ú±íÈËÎï £¬±»ÓþΪ¡°½­ÄϵÚһʥÊÖ¡± £¬ÓÈÒÔÖÐÒ½±í¿ÆÖø³Æ £¬¡°ËùÖμ²²¡ £¬¶à»ñÆæÐ§¡£¡±ÄºÄêÔø±»ÑûÖÁ¾©ÎªÓùÒ½ £¬ÔÚÖÐÒ½·¢Õ¹ÖÐÓп϶¨µÄÓ°ÏìºÍְλ¡£±¾ÊéÒ½°¸Àí·¨·½Ò©ê౸ £¬±æÎöÏêÃ÷ £¬ÊÇÁìµ¼ÁÙ´²¹¤×÷Õß³ÁÒª²Î¿¼Êé¡£


    ³²³çɽ £¬Ãû¾þ £¬ÍíºÅÎÔÔ³ÀÏÈË £¬¡°¼ÒѧԨԴ £¬Ñ§ÑéÁ½¸»¡± £¬ÉÆÓÚÄÚ¡¢±íÁ½¿Æ £¬ÓȾ«ÓÚÄÜÒÔµ¶ÕëÊÖ·¨Ò½Öγ¦Ó¸ £¬ÍùÍùÓÐÆæÐ§¡£ÇåͬÖΡ¢¹âÐ÷Äê¼äÔÚÉϺ£ÐÐÒ½ £¬ÆÄÓÐÃûÓþ¡£Æä¼äÓÖ¼«Á¦ÍƼöÍíǰ;µÄͬÏç¶¡¸ÊÈÊ´ÓÐÅÑôµ½ÉϺ£°²ÉíÐÐÒ½ £¬ºóÀ´¾¹Ò½Ãû¹ÚÓÚÉê³Ç £¬ËùÒÔ¶àÈËÓÓ×°¸ÊÈÊÖÁÉê £¬³çɽʵΪ֮½é¡±Ö®Ëµ £¬Ëû»¹Ôì¾ÍÁ˺öàÃÅͽ £¬ºêÑïÖлªÒ½Ò© £¬ÓÈÒÔ±´ËÌÃÀ¡¢ÌÕÓÓÇä¡¢Íô½£Çï¡¢Áõ¿¡Ø©¡¢»ÆÏþºÍΪ×îÖø³Æ¡£


    ³²Î¼·¼£¨1869¡ª1929£© £¬Ò½ÊõµÃÂíÅàÖ®Õæ´« £¬ÉÃÄÚ¡¢±í¡¢¸¾¡¢¶ù¸÷¿Æ £¬ÖÎÉ˺®ÓÐר³¤¡£¶Ôʱ²¡¼±Ö¢ÓжÀµ½Ö®¹¦ £¬ÓȾ«ÓÚÀûÓûðÕëÖγ¦Ó¸ºÍ»¯Å§ÐÔ±í¿Æ¼²²¡ £¬ÉîµÃ»¼ÕßÕÛ·þ¡£ËûÒÔΪÖÎÖ¢ÎñÔÚ±æÖ¤Ã÷È· £¬Ìá³ö¡°Ò©ÓÐרÈÎ £¬¹óÔÚ²»Ê§»úÓö £¬ÇóÎÈÿÖÂêÝÎó £¬¹ËÈ«·´¾õ³¸Ö⡱ּ֮ £¬Òâ˼ÊÇ˵ÓÃÒ©²»ÄܰËÃæÁáçç £¬Ò²²»Òªµ¥·½ÃæÇóÎÈ £¬Ôڹؼüʱ¿Ì £¬ÐëÉóÖ¤ÇóÒò £¬Õë¶ÔÐÔµØÓÃÒ© £¬ÄÜÁ¦Æðµ½ÓÅÁ¼³ÉЧ¡£¼ÒÓв¡¼ÒÔùË͸øËûµÄ¡°Ô¸ÎªÃñÒ½ £¬²»×÷Á¼ÏࡱµÄ±â¶î¡£


    ¶¡¸ÊÈÊ £¬×ÖÔóÖÜ £¬ÉÙÓ×´ÏÓ± £¬Ï±ʳÉÕ¡£ÏÈ´ÓÒµÓÚÛ×ÌÁÖ®ÂíÖÙÇå¼°ÆäÐÖ¶¡ËÉϪ £¬ºóÓÖ´ÓÒµÓÚÒ»´ú×Ú½³ÂíÅàÖ®ÏÈÉú £¬¶ÔÂíÊÏÄÚ±íÁ½¿ÆÖ®³¤ÄܼæÊÕ²¢Ðî £¬¾¡µÃÆäÕæ´«¡£Ñ§³ÉÖ®ºó £¬³õÐÐÒ½ÓÚÃϺӼ°ÐÅÑô £¬ºóÖÁ»¦ÉÏ £¬Â·ÄË´óÐÐ £¬ÃûÕð´ó½­Äϱ±¡£´´°ìÉϺ£ÖÐҽרÃÅѧÌà £¬Ôì¾ÍÖÐÒ½È˲Å £¬³É¾Í×¿Öø¡£×îÔçÖ÷ÕÅÉ˺®¡¢Î²¡Ñ§ËµÍ³Ò»£»ÓÚÁÙ´² £¬Í»ÆÆÍ¨Àý £¬¾­·½¡¢Ê±·½²¢ÓÃÒ½Öμ±Ö¢ÈȲ¡ £¬¿ªÖÐҽѧÊõ½çÉ˺®¡¢Î²¡Í³Ò»ÂÛÖ®ÏȺÓ¡£


    ¡¶¶¡¸ÊÈÊÒ½°¸¡·È«Êé·ÖΪ8¾í¡£¾íһΪÉ˺®¡¢Î²¡Ñé°¸ £¬¾í¶þÖÁ¾íÁù·ÖΪÄÚ¿ÆÔÓ²¡Ñé°¸ £¬¾íÆßΪ¸¾¿ÆÑé°¸ £¬¾í°ËΪ±í¿ÆÑé°¸ £¬ºó¸½¸à·½¡£Êéºó¸½ÓкíððÖ¢ÖθÅÒªÓëÕï·½¼­Òª¡£È«Êé¹²ÊÕÔØ×÷ÕßÁÙ´²µäÐÍÒ½°¸400ÓàÊס£Êǽü´ú²»³É¶àµÃµÄÓÅÁ¼Ò½°¸ £¬ÊÇÁÙ´²Ò½ÉúÌá¸ßÕïÁÆË®Æ½µÄ³ÁÒª²Î¿¼Êé¡£


¡¼ÏÖ´úÃûÒ½¡½

    ½¹Ë³²ý £¬ÄÐ £¬ÓÚ1984Äê±ÏÒµÓÚµÚÒ»¾üÒ½´óѧ¾üҽϵ £¬»ñѧʿѧλ £¬±ÏÒµºóÔÚ½â·Å¾ü×ÜÒ½Ôº´ÓÊÂÁÙ´²¹¤×÷£»ÓÚ1989Äê±ÏÒµÓÚ¾üÒ½½ø½¨Ñ§Ôº £¬»ñÏû»¯ÄÚ¿ÆË¶Ê¿Ñ§Î»£»ÓÚ1998Äê±ÏÒµÓÚЭºÍÒ½¿Æ´óѧ £¬»ñÖ×Áöѧ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»¡£

   ½üÄêÀ´Ç±ÐÄÓÚÖ×Áö»¯ÁÆÔöÃô»ù´¡×êÑм°ÁÙ´²Êµ¼Ê£»¶ÔÖ×ÁöÃâÒßÒ½Öμ°Ö×Áö×ÛºÏÒ½ÖÎÓµÓйÖÒìÌåζ£»»ý¼«·¢Õ¹¸Éϸ°ûÒÆÖ²Ò½ÖÎʵÌåÁö¼°µÄ»ù´¡×êÑÐÓëÁÙ´²Êµ¼Ê £¬ÓëѪҺ¿ÆºÏ×÷ £¬ÊµÏÖÁ˹úÄÚÊ×Àý·ÇÇåËèÒì»ùÒò¸Éϸ°ûÒÆÖ²Ò½ÖÎÈéÏÙ°© £¬»ñµÃÁËÁÙ´²ÖÎÓúµÄÓÅÁ¼ÁÆÐ§£»³Ðµ£ÔºÄÚ¡¢È«¾ü¿ÆÑпÎÌ⼰˶ʿ×êÑÐÉúµÄÔì¾Í¹¤×÷£»Ä¿Ç°Èνâ·Å¾ü×ÜÒ½ÔºÖ×ÁöÄÚ¿ÆÖ÷ÈΡ¢½â·Å¾ü×ÜÒ½Ôº¾üÒ½½ø½¨Ñ§ÔºµÚÆß½ìҽѧ¿ÆÑ§¼¼ÊõίԱ»áίԱ¡¢È«¾üҽѧ¿ÆÑ§¼¼ÊõίԱ»áÖ×ÁöѧרҵίԱ»áίԱ¡¢Öйú¿¹°©Ð­»áÁÙ´²Ö×ÁöѧºÏ×÷ÖÐÐÄ£¨CSCO£©Ö´ÐÐίԱ»áίԱ¡¢ÖйúÉúÎïҽѧ¹¤³Ìѧ»áÖ×Áö°ÐÏòÒ½Öμ¼ÊõίԱ¾ÛºÏ×÷ίԱµÈÖ° £¬²¢µ£ÈÎÊýÖÖÓйØÒ½Ñ§ÔÓÖ¾±àί £¬ÔøÔÚ¹úÄÚ±í¶àÖÖ¿¯ÎïÉϰ䷢ÂÛÖø¶àƪ¡£


    ×£ºÃ°é²ÅÃûͦ³öÈç¶«Ò° £¬·ðÀíÇåÉîÊÇ×ÓÕ°£¡



Ç峯ÖÐÒ½Ò©£¨Î壩

¡¼ÖÐÒ½Ò©ÎÄ»¯¡½

ÌìÒ½ÐǺÓÁÙÃϺÓ £¬

·ÑÂí³²¶¡ÏÍÈô¿Ê¡£

°Ù²ÝֻΪ²ÔÉú²É £¬

Íò·½»Ý¼ÃÍòÃñÔó¡£


Çå´úÖÐÒ½Ò©£¨Î壩

¡¼ÃûÒ½¡¢ÃûÖø¡¢éóÊ¡½

¡ºÃϺÓÒ½ÅÉ¡»

    Çå´ú £¬³ö¸ñÊÇ·¹â¡¢ÏÌ·áÄê¼ä £¬ÃϺÓÃûÒ½ÔÆ¼¯ £¬ÐγÉÃϺÓÒ½ÅÉ¡£ÆäʱÃϺÓÕò½ö°ÙÊ®»§È˼Ò £¬È´ÉèÓÐÖÐÒ©ÆÌ10¶à¼Ò £¬¿É¼ûÆäʱҽÊÂ֮ʢ¡£ÃϺÓÒ½ÅÉ×îÓдú±íÐÔµÄÊÇ·Ñ¡¢Âí¡¢³²¡¢¶¡ËļÒ¡£·Ñ¼ÒµÄ·Ñ²®ÐÛÊ¢ÃûÓÚÍíÇå £¬ÖÁÆäËï·ÑÉþ¸¦ £¬ÒÔÉÆÖÎΣ¡¢´ó¡¢Ææ¡¢¼±ÖîÕï¶øÎÅÃû£»Âí¼ÒÒÔÂíÅàÖ®ºôÉù×î¸ß £¬¡°ÒÔ±í¿Æ¼û³¤¶øÒÔÄڿƳÉÃû¡± £¬Ôø±»ÕÙÈ빬Ϊ´ÈìûÕﲡ £¬´Èìû¿ä½±Ëû¡°ÂöÀí¾«ÃÜ¡± £¬ÊÖÊé¡°Îñ´æ¾«Òª¡±ØÒ £¬´ÍÈýÆ·¹Ù £¬ÃûÕðËÄ·½£»³²¼ÒÒÔ³²³çɽ¡¢³²Î¼·¼Îª´ú±í £¬¾«ÄÚ±í¿Æ £¬±í¿ÆÊÖÊõÓÈΪ¶Àµ½£»¶¡¼ÒÔìÒè×îÉîµÄÊǶ¡¸ÊÈÊ £¬¼¯ÄÚ±íºíÈý¿ÆÖ®³¤ £¬ºóΪÉϺ£Ò»Ì¨¸¦Ò½ £¬Òò³õ´´ÖÐҽר¿ÆÑ§Ìà £¬±»³ÆÎª¡°Ò½ÓþÂúº£ÉÏ £¬ÌÒÀî±éÈ«¹ú¡±¡£


    ¡¼ûϺÓËļÒÒ½¼¯¡·ÊÇÀúʱÊýÄê £¬¾­¹ý¹ãá粩²É £¬Õû¶Ù¶ø³ÉµÄÒ»²¿´óÐÍÒ½¼¯ £¬Ëü×ܽáÁ˾ٹúÎÅÃûµÄ½­ËÕÃϺÓÁùλҽ¼Ò £¬·Ñ²®ÐÛ¡¢·ÑÉþ¸¦¡¢ÂíÅàÖ®¡¢³²³çɽ¡¢³²Î¼·¼¡¢¶¡¸ÊÈʵÄѧÊõÀíÂÛºÍÁÙ´²¾­Ñé¡£ÄÚÈÝÓÐÒ½ÂÛ¡¢Ò½»°¡¢Ò½°¸¡¢¹Å¼®ÆÀ×¢¡¢ÃØ·½Ñé·½¼¯¡¢×Ô±à½Ì±¾¡¢Ò½ÁÆÐÔÈÕÖ¾µÈ £¬ÕâÔ̺¬ÁËËûÃǵÄÈ«ÊýÓ¡Ðб¾¡¢É¢ÔÚÃñ¼äµÄºÜ¶àÕä¹Â±¾ºÍËûÃǵÄÃÅÈË֮ͬÀà´«³­±¾ £¬¾­¹ýУ¿±±àÉó £¬¼ÆµÃËļҶþÊ®ÁùÖÖÒ½Êé¡£¿É¹©ÁÙ´²Ò½Ê¦¼°×êÑÐÖÐҽѧÊõÀíÂÛ¡¢Ò½Öβ½ÖèÕß½ø½¨Ê¹Óá£


     ·Ñ²®ÐÛ£¨1800¡ª1879£© £¬×Ö½úÇä¡£·Ñ²®Ð۳ɳ¤ÔÚÊÀÒ½¼ÒÍ¥ £¬¼ÒѧԨԴ £¬ÏÈÈåºóÒ½¡£ÐüºøÖ´Òµ²»¾Ã £¬¼´ÒÔÉÆÓÚÒ½ÖÎÐéÀͳÛÓþ½­ÄÏ¡£Â·¹âÄê¼ä£¨1821¡«1851)ÔøÁ½¶ÅצÕÙÈ빬͢Öβ¡¡£ÏȺóÒ½ÖλÊÌ«ºó·ÎÓ¸ºÍ·¹âÌì×ÓʧÒôÖ¤ £¬¾ù»ñµÃÏÔЧ¡£Îª´Ë»ñ´ÍØÒ¶îºÍÁª·ù £¬³ÆÂ·Æä¡°ÊÇ»î¹úÊÖ¡±¡£ÖÁÏÌ·á(1851¡«1861)ʱ £¬·ÑÊÏÒ½Ãû´óÕñ £¬Ô¶½üÇóÒ½Õ߼Ãû¶øÖÁ £¬ÃÅǰʱ³£ÖÛé®Ïà½Ó £¬ÃϺÓË®ÏçÓ×Õò´ËʱҲÒÔÒ½Ò©ÒµÅ¶ø³ÉΪһ¸ö·±Ê¢µØÓò¡£·ÑÊϲ©Ñ§Í¨Èå £¬Ò½Êõ¾«Õ¿ £¬ÈË³ÆÆäÒÔÃûʿΪÃûÒ½ £¬ÎµÈ»ÎªÒ½½ç³ÁÍû¡£


    ÂíÅàÖ®£¨1820¡ª1903£© £¬Çå´úÃûÒ½ £¬×ÖÎÄÖ² £¬ÒÔ×ÖÐС£ÃϺÓÒ½ÅÉ´ú±íÈËÎï £¬±»ÓþΪ¡°½­ÄϵÚһʥÊÖ¡± £¬ÓÈÒÔÖÐÒ½±í¿ÆÖø³Æ £¬¡°ËùÖμ²²¡ £¬¶à»ñÆæÐ§¡£¡±ÄºÄêÔø±»ÑûÖÁ¾©ÎªÓùÒ½ £¬ÔÚÖÐÒ½·¢Õ¹ÖÐÓп϶¨µÄÓ°ÏìºÍְλ¡£±¾ÊéÒ½°¸Àí·¨·½Ò©ê౸ £¬±æÎöÏêÃ÷ £¬ÊÇÁìµ¼ÁÙ´²¹¤×÷Õß³ÁÒª²Î¿¼Êé¡£


    ³²³çɽ £¬Ãû¾þ £¬ÍíºÅÎÔÔ³ÀÏÈË £¬¡°¼ÒѧԨԴ £¬Ñ§ÑéÁ½¸»¡± £¬ÉÆÓÚÄÚ¡¢±íÁ½¿Æ £¬ÓȾ«ÓÚÄÜÒÔµ¶ÕëÊÖ·¨Ò½Öγ¦Ó¸ £¬ÍùÍùÓÐÆæÐ§¡£ÇåͬÖΡ¢¹âÐ÷Äê¼äÔÚÉϺ£ÐÐÒ½ £¬ÆÄÓÐÃûÓþ¡£Æä¼äÓÖ¼«Á¦ÍƼöÍíǰ;µÄͬÏç¶¡¸ÊÈÊ´ÓÐÅÑôµ½ÉϺ£°²ÉíÐÐÒ½ £¬ºóÀ´¾¹Ò½Ãû¹ÚÓÚÉê³Ç £¬ËùÒÔ¶àÈËÓÓ×°¸ÊÈÊÖÁÉê £¬³çɽʵΪ֮½é¡±Ö®Ëµ £¬Ëû»¹Ôì¾ÍÁ˺öàÃÅͽ £¬ºêÑïÖлªÒ½Ò© £¬ÓÈÒÔ±´ËÌÃÀ¡¢ÌÕÓÓÇä¡¢Íô½£Çï¡¢Áõ¿¡Ø©¡¢»ÆÏþºÍΪ×îÖø³Æ¡£


    ³²Î¼·¼£¨1869¡ª1929£© £¬Ò½ÊõµÃÂíÅàÖ®Õæ´« £¬ÉÃÄÚ¡¢±í¡¢¸¾¡¢¶ù¸÷¿Æ £¬ÖÎÉ˺®ÓÐר³¤¡£¶Ôʱ²¡¼±Ö¢ÓжÀµ½Ö®¹¦ £¬ÓȾ«ÓÚÀûÓûðÕëÖγ¦Ó¸ºÍ»¯Å§ÐÔ±í¿Æ¼²²¡ £¬ÉîµÃ»¼ÕßÕÛ·þ¡£ËûÒÔΪÖÎÖ¢ÎñÔÚ±æÖ¤Ã÷È· £¬Ìá³ö¡°Ò©ÓÐרÈÎ £¬¹óÔÚ²»Ê§»úÓö £¬ÇóÎÈÿÖÂêÝÎó £¬¹ËÈ«·´¾õ³¸Ö⡱ּ֮ £¬Òâ˼ÊÇ˵ÓÃÒ©²»ÄܰËÃæÁáçç £¬Ò²²»Òªµ¥·½ÃæÇóÎÈ £¬Ôڹؼüʱ¿Ì £¬ÐëÉóÖ¤ÇóÒò £¬Õë¶ÔÐÔµØÓÃÒ© £¬ÄÜÁ¦Æðµ½ÓÅÁ¼³ÉЧ¡£¼ÒÓв¡¼ÒÔùË͸øËûµÄ¡°Ô¸ÎªÃñÒ½ £¬²»×÷Á¼ÏࡱµÄ±â¶î¡£


    ¶¡¸ÊÈÊ £¬×ÖÔóÖÜ £¬ÉÙÓ×´ÏÓ± £¬Ï±ʳÉÕ¡£ÏÈ´ÓÒµÓÚÛ×ÌÁÖ®ÂíÖÙÇå¼°ÆäÐÖ¶¡ËÉϪ £¬ºóÓÖ´ÓÒµÓÚÒ»´ú×Ú½³ÂíÅàÖ®ÏÈÉú £¬¶ÔÂíÊÏÄÚ±íÁ½¿ÆÖ®³¤ÄܼæÊÕ²¢Ðî £¬¾¡µÃÆäÕæ´«¡£Ñ§³ÉÖ®ºó £¬³õÐÐÒ½ÓÚÃϺӼ°ÐÅÑô £¬ºóÖÁ»¦ÉÏ £¬Â·ÄË´óÐÐ £¬ÃûÕð´ó½­Äϱ±¡£´´°ìÉϺ£ÖÐҽרÃÅѧÌà £¬Ôì¾ÍÖÐÒ½È˲Å £¬³É¾Í×¿Öø¡£×îÔçÖ÷ÕÅÉ˺®¡¢Î²¡Ñ§ËµÍ³Ò»£»ÓÚÁÙ´² £¬Í»ÆÆÍ¨Àý £¬¾­·½¡¢Ê±·½²¢ÓÃÒ½Öμ±Ö¢ÈȲ¡ £¬¿ªÖÐҽѧÊõ½çÉ˺®¡¢Î²¡Í³Ò»ÂÛÖ®ÏȺÓ¡£


    ¡¶¶¡¸ÊÈÊÒ½°¸¡·È«Êé·ÖΪ8¾í¡£¾íһΪÉ˺®¡¢Î²¡Ñé°¸ £¬¾í¶þÖÁ¾íÁù·ÖΪÄÚ¿ÆÔÓ²¡Ñé°¸ £¬¾íÆßΪ¸¾¿ÆÑé°¸ £¬¾í°ËΪ±í¿ÆÑé°¸ £¬ºó¸½¸à·½¡£Êéºó¸½ÓкíððÖ¢ÖθÅÒªÓëÕï·½¼­Òª¡£È«Êé¹²ÊÕÔØ×÷ÕßÁÙ´²µäÐÍÒ½°¸400ÓàÊס£Êǽü´ú²»³É¶àµÃµÄÓÅÁ¼Ò½°¸ £¬ÊÇÁÙ´²Ò½ÉúÌá¸ßÕïÁÆË®Æ½µÄ³ÁÒª²Î¿¼Êé¡£


¡¼ÏÖ´úÃûÒ½¡½

    ½¹Ë³²ý £¬ÄÐ £¬ÓÚ1984Äê±ÏÒµÓÚµÚÒ»¾üÒ½´óѧ¾üҽϵ £¬»ñѧʿѧλ £¬±ÏÒµºóÔÚ½â·Å¾ü×ÜÒ½Ôº´ÓÊÂÁÙ´²¹¤×÷£»ÓÚ1989Äê±ÏÒµÓÚ¾üÒ½½ø½¨Ñ§Ôº £¬»ñÏû»¯ÄÚ¿ÆË¶Ê¿Ñ§Î»£»ÓÚ1998Äê±ÏÒµÓÚЭºÍÒ½¿Æ´óѧ £¬»ñÖ×Áöѧ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»¡£

   ½üÄêÀ´Ç±ÐÄÓÚÖ×Áö»¯ÁÆÔöÃô»ù´¡×êÑм°ÁÙ´²Êµ¼Ê£»¶ÔÖ×ÁöÃâÒßÒ½Öμ°Ö×Áö×ÛºÏÒ½ÖÎÓµÓйÖÒìÌåζ£»»ý¼«·¢Õ¹¸Éϸ°ûÒÆÖ²Ò½ÖÎʵÌåÁö¼°µÄ»ù´¡×êÑÐÓëÁÙ´²Êµ¼Ê £¬ÓëѪҺ¿ÆºÏ×÷ £¬ÊµÏÖÁ˹úÄÚÊ×Àý·ÇÇåËèÒì»ùÒò¸Éϸ°ûÒÆÖ²Ò½ÖÎÈéÏÙ°© £¬»ñµÃÁËÁÙ´²ÖÎÓúµÄÓÅÁ¼ÁÆÐ§£»³Ðµ£ÔºÄÚ¡¢È«¾ü¿ÆÑпÎÌ⼰˶ʿ×êÑÐÉúµÄÔì¾Í¹¤×÷£»Ä¿Ç°Èνâ·Å¾ü×ÜÒ½ÔºÖ×ÁöÄÚ¿ÆÖ÷ÈΡ¢½â·Å¾ü×ÜÒ½Ôº¾üÒ½½ø½¨Ñ§ÔºµÚÆß½ìҽѧ¿ÆÑ§¼¼ÊõίԱ»áίԱ¡¢È«¾üҽѧ¿ÆÑ§¼¼ÊõίԱ»áÖ×ÁöѧרҵίԱ»áίԱ¡¢Öйú¿¹°©Ð­»áÁÙ´²Ö×ÁöѧºÏ×÷ÖÐÐÄ£¨CSCO£©Ö´ÐÐίԱ»áίԱ¡¢ÖйúÉúÎïҽѧ¹¤³Ìѧ»áÖ×Áö°ÐÏòÒ½Öμ¼ÊõίԱ¾ÛºÏ×÷ίԱµÈÖ° £¬²¢µ£ÈÎÊýÖÖÓйØÒ½Ñ§ÔÓÖ¾±àί £¬ÔøÔÚ¹úÄÚ±í¶àÖÖ¿¯ÎïÉϰ䷢ÂÛÖø¶àƪ¡£


    ×£ºÃ°é²ÅÃûͦ³öÈç¶«Ò° £¬·ðÀíÇåÉîÊÇ×ÓÕ°£¡